This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

A well-established technique, acid-base titration is an analytical method used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. In practice, it involves adding a solution of known strength ...

Carbonic Acid Structure: Acids and Bases are an integral part of chemistry and a major portion is devoted to explaining their properties and examples. One of the most studied acids is Carbon Acid. It ...

(Higher tier) Strong acids completely ionise in water. They break up completely to produce a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.