The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a sophisticated molecular apparatus that many Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens deploy to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. This machinery ...

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are sophisticated nanomachines that bacteria employ to inject effector proteins directly into neighbouring cells. These systems are structurally reminiscent of ...

Many pathogenic bacteria use special secretion systems to deliver toxic proteins into host cells. Researchers of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich have determined the structure of a ...

Now Niederweis and colleagues at the University of Alabama at Birmingham describe the mechanism of secretion and trafficking of that toxin, TNT, which is the major cytotoxicity factor for the pathogen ...