Stress is defined as the force per unit area. Thus, the formula for calculating stress is: Where σ denotes stress, F is load and A is the cross sectional area. The most commonly used units for stress ...

The recent development of X-120 high-strength steel line pipe (nominal yield strength of 120 ksi)1 enables gas producers to realize significant savings in the total cost of long-distance gas ...

Measuring the in-situ compressive strength of concrete in final structures is an essential but challenging process. Coring combined with non-destructive rebound hammer measurements provides the most ...