Understanding how water moves through the Earth system is fundamental to predicting climate impacts and ensuring sustainable ...

Earth System Sciences is an inherently interdisciplinary field that investigates the integrated dynamics of the planet’s major spheres—the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere—and their ...

In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...

To comprehend the Earth system and its multitude of interacting components through time and space, scientists have been gathering progressively more quantities of real world data and using ever ...

Humanity has reached the first Earth system tipping point, the widespread death of warm-water coral reefs, marking the beginning of irreversible planetary shifts. As global temperatures move beyond ...