This review describes a method of analyzing acid–base disorders that incorporates insights from the traditional, bicarbonate-centered model and the Stewart (or strong ion) model (Table 1). 1–6 ...

Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in medicine. Their use, however, is often limited by associated renal toxic effects. The most common manifestation of these toxic effects is ...

The kidneys are responsible for maintaining the balance of acids, bases, fluids and electrolytes in the body, avoiding significant fluctuations that can lead to life-threatening conditions. Acid, base ...

Acid-base balance refers to the levels of acidity and alkalinity your blood needs in order to keep your body functioning. Too much acid in the blood is known as acidosis, while too much alkalinity is ...

Electrolytes are chemicals naturally occurring in your body fluids. They include chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium, and calcium. These are important for normal body functions and should be ...

An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water. Electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, are essential for several body functions. Everyone needs electrolytes to ...

Acute kidney failure, also known as acute renal failure, involves a sudden decline in the function of the kidneys. As the kidneys usually play an important role in the regulation of fluid and ...

Electrolytes are crucial for body processes such as conducting nerve impulses, contracting muscles, hydrating, and regulating pH levels. You need adequate electrolytes from your diet to keep your body ...

Optimal ranges are set at different levels for each electrolyte, and levels can be measured with a blood test. If you have an electrolyte imbalance, you either have too much or too little of one or ...