We walk through an optimization problem step by step, clearly explaining how to identify variables, set up the correct function, apply derivatives, and find maximum or minimum values. Each step is ...

High-performance optimization algorithms are essential in deep learning. However, understanding the behavior of optimization (i.e., learning process) remains challenging due to the instability and ...

In this study, a novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm, termed (BES–GO), is proposed for solving benchmark structural design optimization problems, including welded beam design, three-bar truss system ...