Pity the poor TTL computer aficionado. It’s an obsession, really — using discrete logic chips to scratch-build a computer that would probably compare unfavorably to an 80s era 8-bit machine in terms ...

The history and continued need of small-scale integration ICs for digital-logic functions. How a serial-input/parallel-output shift register can expand I/O pins while ...

In some cases, newer releases of data sheets contain less information than their counterparts from yesteryear. Does this make anyone else wonder if we’re really making progress? In some cases, newer ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Today’s mixed-voltage systems often use bidirectional level translation as a way to improve efficiency while saving power. There are several ways to implement bidirectional translation, but one of the ...