Cells of all organisms process numerous signals originating from the internal biological processes or from the environment to produce the appropriate cellular response. Designed gene regulatory ...

Molecular substrates can be viewed as computational devices that process physical or chemical 'inputs' to generate 'outputs' based on a set of logical operators. By recognizing this conceptual ...

As seen in earlier articles, the only two possible states of information for digital electronics are true and false. Be it an electric current, a numeric datum, or a variable of any kind, the system’s ...