We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors ...

In an era dominated by social media, misinformation has become an all too familiar foe, infiltrating our feeds and sowing seeds of doubt and confusion. With more than half of social media users across ...

The authors thank those individuals who supplied the data in published journal articles or stored data in open repositories. This includes contributions from Alice Mellend, Cameron Gourley and Phil ...